全球制造业不去印度了？美媒坦言：中国西部将成为新“世界工厂”

Core Viewpoint - The expectation of "decoupling from China" in global manufacturing has largely failed, as no country has emerged as a viable alternative to China in this sector [3][25]. Group 1: Challenges Faced by India - India has made efforts to become a "world factory" through initiatives like the "Make in India" campaign, aiming to increase manufacturing's share of GDP from 15% to 25% [5]. - Despite significant subsidies of 1.46 trillion rupees to attract foreign investment, core issues such as unreliable electricity supply and inadequate infrastructure remain unresolved [6][8]. - India's electricity supply is projected to face a shortfall of 15 to 20 gigawatts by 2025, leading to factory shutdowns [8]. - The logistics and road conditions in India are poor, causing significant delays in transportation, which hampers manufacturing efficiency [10]. - Administrative inefficiencies and a lack of a complete industrial supply chain hinder India's ability to compete with China [10][12]. Group 2: Challenges Faced by Vietnam - Vietnam has attracted foreign investment from major companies like Samsung and Intel, but its industrial land is nearing saturation, limiting expansion [12][14]. - The country faces electricity supply issues, with significant losses due to factory shutdowns from power shortages [14]. - Vietnam's limited high-tech talent pool and reliance on imports for raw materials restrict its manufacturing capabilities [14][16]. Group 3: China's Continued Dominance - China's central and western regions are emerging as new manufacturing hotspots due to cost advantages, robust infrastructure, and complete industrial supply chains [16][18]. - The cost of industrial electricity in regions like Sichuan and Chongqing is significantly lower than in coastal areas, making them attractive for energy-intensive industries [18]. - China's infrastructure, including transportation and communication, is globally leading, providing stability and efficiency that India and Vietnam cannot match [19]. - The comprehensive industrial chain in China allows for efficient production processes, reducing costs and increasing productivity [21]. - Recent data shows significant manufacturing output in China's western regions, with notable increases in exports and foreign investment [23]. - The structural issues in India and Vietnam are unlikely to be resolved in the short term, making it improbable for them to replace China's manufacturing dominance in the foreseeable future [25].