对大脑进行“彩色直播”（探一线）

Core Viewpoint - The development of a multi-color miniaturized two-photon microscope enables high-resolution imaging of deep brain structures in freely moving mice, significantly advancing brain science research and understanding of neurological diseases [2][3]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The new microscope represents a significant technological breakthrough, allowing for multi-color imaging and the observation of various cell types simultaneously, overcoming previous limitations of single-color imaging [3][4]. - The fourth-generation system has achieved advancements in three dimensions: multi-color excitation, deep brain imaging, and multi-scale observation, enhancing the ability to study complex neural interactions [3][4]. - The ultra-broadband anti-resonant hollow-core fiber developed allows for low-loss, low-dispersion transmission of multi-wavelength femtosecond pulse lasers, which is crucial for observing multiple cellular functions [4]. Group 2: Research Implications - The microscope has been successfully used to visualize dynamic changes in brain cells and organelles in Alzheimer's disease model mice, providing critical insights into early cellular changes associated with the disease [4]. - The technology has been fully domesticated and has already been exported to multiple countries, indicating its potential for international application [4]. Group 3: Future Research Directions - Future research will focus on integrating optogenetics to create a "read-write" loop, enabling both the reading of neuronal electrical activity and the optical manipulation of specific neurons [5]. - There is a goal to increase imaging speed from 10-20 Hz to 1 kHz, allowing for real-time recording of brain electrical activity [5].