稀土战争真相，中国靠技术而非资源，垄断全球高端市场

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's strategic advantage in the rare earth industry, emphasizing its comprehensive industrial chain from mining to high-end material production, which poses a challenge to Western countries [1][21]. Industry Analysis - China has established a "rare earth alliance" with 19 developing countries amidst ongoing global trade tensions, drawing attention to the significance of rare earth elements [1]. - China's rare earth reserves account for over 30% of global totals, but its dominance lies in its advanced separation and refining technologies, which are crucial for high purity production [3][4]. - The country possesses over 20 separation technologies, achieving purity levels that are significantly higher than those of the United States, which still relies on outdated methods [4][6]. Competitive Landscape - In 2024, China's gallium production is projected to reach 280 tons, representing 95% of global output, with production costs being only one-fifth of those in the U.S. [6]. - Other countries, including the U.S. and Australia, struggle with refining their rare earth minerals, often sending them to China for processing due to lower purity and higher costs [11]. - Political instability in Myanmar has led to a nearly 20% drop in its rare earth exports, further impacting global supply chains [11]. Technological Developments - China is investing heavily in rare earth research, with a budget of 4.5 billion yuan in 2024 aimed at developing third-generation separation technologies [19]. - The U.S. has attempted to reduce its reliance on Chinese rare earths by exploring alternative materials, but these substitutes have proven less efficient [19]. Future Outlook - The ongoing competition for rare earth resources is not merely about quantity but rather about control over the entire industrial chain [21]. - China's ability to maintain its technological, cost, and ecological advantages suggests that it will continue to dominate the rare earth market for the foreseeable future [24].