外汇汇率波动受哪些常见因素影响？

Group 1 - Economic fundamentals are key factors influencing long-term exchange rate trends, with indicators such as economic growth, employment, and industrial structure reflecting a country's overall economic vitality and development potential [1] - A country's interest rate policy significantly impacts exchange rates, as differences in interest rates between countries guide international capital flows, affecting currency demand and supply [1] - Inflation levels are closely related to exchange rates, where higher inflation relative to other countries can lead to currency depreciation, while lower inflation supports currency stability [1] Group 2 - The balance of international payments is a direct factor affecting short-term exchange rate fluctuations, with a surplus indicating higher demand for a country's currency, leading to appreciation, and a deficit suggesting depreciation [2] - Political stability and geopolitical changes can impact exchange rates, as instability may lead to capital outflows and increased volatility [2] - Market sentiment, driven by investor behavior and expectations about a country's economic outlook, can cause short-term fluctuations in exchange rates [2]