反击美国芯片霸权，河南小县城开出关键一枪

Core Viewpoint - The recent export control on artificial diamond powder by China is a strategic move aimed at countering U.S. dominance in the semiconductor industry, highlighting China's growing influence in the global diamond market and its ability to leverage critical materials for geopolitical advantage [1][3][20]. Group 1: Export Control and Its Implications - China's Ministry of Commerce and General Administration of Customs announced the inclusion of artificial diamond powder with an average particle size of ≤50 microns in the export control list, effective November 8 [1][20]. - This regulation directly targets the U.S. semiconductor industry, as over 70% of chip-grade diamond materials are imported from China, indicating a significant leverage point for China in the ongoing U.S.-China technological rivalry [3][20]. Group 2: Importance of Diamond in Technology - Diamonds, known for their exceptional hardness and thermal conductivity (2000 W/(m·K)), are critical in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly for advanced processes below 5 nanometers [7][19]. - The unique properties of diamonds make them indispensable in various high-tech applications, including as a protective layer in EUV lithography machines, which are essential for modern chip production [7][19]. Group 3: China's Dominance in the Diamond Industry - China has emerged as the global leader in the diamond industry, with a production capacity that far exceeds that of other developed countries, controlling 80% of the diamond powder output in the country [16][19]. - The city of Zhecheng in Henan Province has developed a complete industrial chain for diamond production, from raw materials to high-end semiconductor-grade diamonds, establishing itself as a global supply center [16][19]. Group 4: Strategic Use of Export Controls - The export control measures are designed to maintain a balance between civilian and military applications, allowing for the continued supply of diamonds for decorative purposes while restricting those used in sensitive technologies [20][22]. - This approach not only safeguards China's resource security but also pressures the U.S. to reconsider its export policies in the face of dependency on Chinese materials [20][22].