如何完善经济政策促进危险废物处置产业高质量发展？

Core Viewpoint - The hazardous waste disposal industry in China has developed into a market with a scale of over 100 billion yuan, transitioning from a growth phase to a mature phase, facing challenges such as structural overcapacity and low overall technical levels [1] Industry Status - As of the end of 2024, the national hazardous waste disposal capacity exceeds 220 million tons per year, surpassing the annual hazardous waste generation by 69%, with an overall facility load rate of only 26.4% [2] - Some provinces have hazardous waste disposal capacities that are 3 to 4 times higher than their generation rates, leading to low operational rates below 40% for many facilities [2] - There are shortcomings in the disposal capacity for specific categories of hazardous waste, such as fly ash and waste salt, due to immature processing technologies and high costs [2] - Major projects, including a national technology center and regional disposal centers, are planned to address these shortcomings, with 20 projects already announced by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment [2] Policy and Standards - Recent updates to standards such as the "Hazardous Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard" and "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard" have raised risk prevention requirements throughout the hazardous waste management process [3] - Economic policies have evolved from initial support measures to more diversified policies like environmental pollution liability insurance and environmental protection taxes, although their effectiveness remains limited [4] Economic Policy Development - Initial policies supported the industry's growth, while subsequent policies aimed to address market failures, with significant government investment leading to over 10 billion yuan in social funding [4] - The pricing mechanism for hazardous waste disposal is primarily government-guided, ensuring sustainable operation of disposal facilities [5] New Economic Policy Needs - The industry faces challenges such as the need to boost market confidence, maintain market order, and optimize capacity structure [7] - Targeted fiscal, financial, and tax policies are necessary to alleviate funding pressures for facility construction and operation [7] - A fair market environment must be established to ensure legitimate businesses can achieve reasonable returns, especially in a context of overcapacity [7] Recommendations for Policy Improvement - Government should minimize direct intervention in market activities and focus on creating a fair competitive environment [9] - Local environmental departments should refine investment guidance and facility planning, while also controlling the approval of new projects that duplicate existing capacities [9] - Companies should enhance internal management and social responsibility, ensuring projects are feasible and financially viable [10]