最后一刻改变主意，欧盟还是决定向美国低头让步，欧媒：很耻辱

Group 1: Trade Policies and Tariffs - After Trump's administration, the U.S. trade policy became more aggressive, particularly regarding the trade deficit with the EU, leading to a rapid assessment of additional tariffs on EU steel products [1] - The U.S. imposed a 50% tariff on steel in March, significantly reducing German factory orders and disrupting supply chains [5] - On March 26, the U.S. announced a 25% tariff on EU automobiles, severely impacting brands like Mercedes and BMW, which account for about 20% of their global sales [3] Group 2: EU's Response and Negotiations - The EU planned to impose €1.8 billion in tariffs on U.S. agricultural and tech products as a countermeasure, but negotiations led to a temporary suspension of tariffs [5] - In July, the EU agreed to delay countermeasures and sought to negotiate a framework agreement with the U.S., which included a 15% base tariff on most EU goods [8][12] - The EU's concessions were seen as a reluctant choice under pressure from U.S. tariffs, revealing its structural dependencies, such as 60% of energy imports from the U.S. [15] Group 3: Economic Impact and Future Outlook - The agreement led to a gradual recovery of EU exports, but the automotive sector continued to face challenges, with German manufacturers experiencing a decline in U.S. sales [13][17] - The U.S. tariffs raised costs for European companies, particularly in the automotive industry, which is expected to face ongoing sales difficulties [17] - The EU's concessions did not resolve the underlying trade disputes and instead opened new areas of contention, particularly in digital sovereignty [19][21]