中疾控流感防治七问七答

Core Viewpoint - The recent press conference by the National Health Commission highlighted the seriousness of influenza, emphasizing that it is not merely a severe cold but a significant respiratory infectious disease that can lead to severe complications and even death [4]. Group 1: Current Influenza Situation - Currently, 17 provinces in China are experiencing high levels of influenza activity, while the remaining provinces are at moderate levels. The positive rate of influenza virus detection among patients with flu-like symptoms in emergency departments has reached 51%, which is below the highest levels seen in the past three years [5]. - The H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus remains dominant, accounting for over 95% of cases, with a small number of H1N1 and B-type influenza viruses circulating concurrently [5]. Group 2: Symptoms and Management - Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever (39°C-40°C), headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, and fatigue. Symptoms may improve within 3-5 days, but cough and recovery of physical strength may take longer [6]. - For mild cases, home rest is recommended, but individuals experiencing high fever (above 39°C), severe cough, or other serious symptoms should seek medical attention promptly. High-risk groups, including the elderly, infants, and those with chronic conditions, should be particularly vigilant [7]. Group 3: Infectious Period and Return to Activities - Influenza patients and asymptomatic carriers are primary sources of transmission, with infectiousness lasting from the end of the incubation period to the acute phase, typically for 3-7 days. In children and immunocompromised individuals, this period may extend beyond a week [8]. - Patients can consider themselves non-infectious and return to work or school when they have been fever-free for 24 hours and show significant symptom improvement for 48 hours. Those with weakened immune systems may require a longer observation period [9]. Group 4: Prevention and Vaccination - The current flu season has seen a notable increase in cluster outbreaks compared to the previous season, particularly in crowded settings such as schools and nursing homes. High-risk groups should minimize time spent in crowded, enclosed spaces and take personal health precautions [10]. - Vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk populations, including individuals aged 60 and above, those with chronic illnesses, residents of long-term care facilities, pregnant women, and young children. The public is encouraged to receive flu vaccinations early to prevent infection and reduce the risk of severe illness [10].