招商宏观：11月经济数据怎么看？

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI for November 2025 recorded at 49.2%, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points from October, indicating marginal improvement but still within the contraction zone, reflecting a fragile recovery in the manufacturing sector [1][6] Manufacturing Sector - The production index returned to the critical point of 50.0%, but there remains a gap with the new orders index at 49.2%, indicating a supply strong and demand weak situation [1][6] - Large enterprises maintain PMI in the expansion zone, supported by major projects and infrastructure, while small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly in the downstream construction materials and home furnishings sectors, continue to perform poorly [1][6] - The new export orders index improved from 47.3 to 48.1, suggesting a boost in inquiries due to the US-China tariff truce, although actual increases may experience a time lag [1][6] Production - The industrial added value for November is expected to remain around 5% year-on-year, reflecting the resilience of China's industrial system despite a significant adjustment in the real estate sector [2][7] - The automotive manufacturing sector is expected to maintain high growth, driven by year-end production boosts, while electronics and aerospace manufacturing will also see relatively high growth rates [2][7] - In contrast, industries such as black metal smelting and non-metal mineral products continue to face negative or zero growth, heavily impacted by a sharp decline in demand for rebar and cement due to reduced new construction in real estate [2][7] Consumption - The retail sales growth for November is anticipated to remain relatively low, with the "Double Eleven" shopping festival achieving a total online sales of 1.619 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.3% [3][8] - Essential categories like grain and personal care saw steady growth, while non-essential items like beauty and apparel relied heavily on significant discounts [3][8] - Despite strong production in the automotive sector, retail performance is disappointing, with expected year-on-year declines of 7.0% in passenger car sales due to the inability of new energy vehicle growth to offset declines in traditional fuel vehicle sales [3][8] Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment growth is expected to remain weak, primarily due to the real estate sector's ongoing challenges, with major real estate companies experiencing a 36% year-on-year drop in sales in November [4][9] - Infrastructure investment is projected to maintain low growth, with local governments being cautious about new project approvals [4][9] - Manufacturing investment is expected to sustain relatively high growth, focusing on equipment upgrades and expansion in high-tech industries, although overall demand constraints may limit expansion willingness [4][9] Trade - November export growth is expected to be around 3%, influenced by a recent US-China trade truce that reduced tariffs on certain goods [12][13] - Imports are also projected to show slight positive growth, supported by increased purchases of US agricultural products following the tariff agreement [12][13] Price Trends - November CPI is expected to be around 0.7%, influenced by weather-related supply constraints on vegetables and fruits, while pork prices continue to decline due to weak demand [16][17] - November PPI is projected to remain at -2.1%, with oil prices and industrial product prices showing signs of improvement [17][18]