焦点访谈｜焚烧厂为何“吃不饱”？垃圾处理能力过剩的背后

Core Viewpoint - The transition from "garbage siege" to "garbage shortage" in various cities highlights the challenges faced by waste incineration power plants, which are struggling with insufficient waste supply despite increased processing capacity [1][9]. Group 1: Industry Development - The rapid development of waste incineration facilities has led to a significant increase in processing capacity, from approximately 200,000 tons per day in 2015 to over 1,100,000 tons per day by the end of 2024, marking a fivefold increase in ten years [7][9]. - The industry has benefited from government support, including a subsidy of 0.65 yuan per kilowatt-hour for electricity generated from waste incineration, which has encouraged investment and development [7][9]. Group 2: Regional Disparities - There is a regional imbalance in waste generation and processing, with some cities experiencing a surplus of incineration capacity while others face shortages due to population decline and ineffective waste collection systems [10][12]. - For example, in Shaanxi Province, the construction of multiple incineration plants has led to varying utilization rates, with some facilities operating above capacity while others struggle to meet operational demands [12][14]. Group 3: Operational Challenges - Many incineration plants are facing operational challenges due to a lack of waste supply, with some facilities reporting significant financial losses as a result [3][16]. - Companies are exploring alternative waste sources, including industrial solid waste and sludge, to supplement their feedstock and improve operational efficiency [10][16]. Group 4: Technological Innovations - To enhance the energy value of waste, companies are investing in technological innovations, such as transitioning from electricity generation to combined heat and power (CHP) systems, which can significantly increase profitability [16][18]. - The shift towards operational efficiency and technological advancement is becoming a consensus in the industry as it moves from a construction phase to a focus on sustainable operations [18].