破解野猪百万年西迁的密码（科技瞭望）

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the Shenzhen Agricultural Genomics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences reveals the unique genetic adaptations of wild boar populations during their migration across the Eurasian continent over millions of years, providing new insights into how large mammals respond to environmental changes [2][4]. Group 1: Migration and Evolution - The study reconstructs the evolutionary and migratory history of wild boars, indicating that Asian wild boars diverged from their Southeast Asian relatives approximately 3.6 million years ago, with some populations migrating north into southern China [4]. - By 1.8 million years ago, another group of wild boars continued westward into Central Asia, where they diversified into new branches around 900,000 years ago, eventually leading to the ancestors of modern European wild boars [4][5]. Group 2: Genetic Adaptations - The research identified several key genes in the genomes of Central Asian wild boars that underwent strong natural selection, particularly those related to fat metabolism, thermoregulation, and skin pigmentation [4][5]. - Specific genetic variations in the LPIN1 gene enhance fat storage, allowing wild boars to survive food shortages during harsh winters, while changes in the ALPK2 gene may increase muscle mass, contributing to their robust physique [5]. Group 3: Research Methodology and Implications - The study employed a multi-layered and comprehensive research approach, integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic data to validate key genetic variations, significantly enhancing the reliability of the findings [5][6]. - The findings clarify the migratory patterns of wild boars and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding new pig varieties, as well as evolutionary biological insights to address future challenges such as climate change and disease outbreaks [6].