修复瘫痪、增强常人，脑机接口会成未来人类「外挂」吗？

Core Insights - The brain-computer interface (BCI) sector is experiencing significant advancements and investments, particularly in Silicon Valley, with companies like Neuralink and Merge Labs leading the charge [1][2] - Chinese companies in the BCI space are taking a more pragmatic approach, focusing on clinical trials and product optimization within a regulated medical framework [1][2] Investment and Financing - Neuralink secured $650 million in funding, reaching a valuation of $9 billion, expanding its focus from severe motor function disorders to include conditions like aphasia and blindness [1] - Merge Labs, founded by Sam Altman, aims to raise $250 million to develop ultrasound technology for reading and modulating brain signals [1] - Synchron raised $200 million in Series D funding, while Paradromics received FDA approval for clinical trials in speech function restoration [1] Clinical Applications - The BCI technology is categorized into three main application areas: brain-controlled output, neural modulation, and sensory reconstruction [4] - The first prospective clinical trial of an invasive BCI system in China was completed by Ladder Medical at Huashan Hospital, with the product entering the "green channel" for expedited regulatory approval [2][4] Future Prospects - The next 5-10 years are expected to see BCI technology transition from medical applications to consumer healthcare, enhancing human-machine interaction and efficiency [5][12] - The potential for BCIs to enable users to control devices through thought alone is highlighted, with implications for both medical recovery and enhanced human capabilities [12][13] Technological Development - Ladder Medical's BCI system utilizes ultra-flexible electrodes, allowing for stable signal collection from the brain, with a minimally invasive implantation process [7] - The second-generation BCI system was recently launched, increasing electrode channels to 256 and expanding application scenarios beyond motor control to include language reconstruction [7] Data and AI Integration - The accumulation of single-cell data from BCIs is crucial for advancing neuroscience and improving product design [8][10] - AI and algorithms are expected to play a significant role in enhancing BCI performance, with the potential to create a foundational model for future patients [10][11] Human-Machine Integration - The relationship between BCIs and AI is seen as a dynamic process, where human intent can guide AI actions, leading to a more integrated human-machine experience [11][14] - The concept of BCIs serving as a bridge between carbon-based and silicon-based life forms is discussed, emphasizing the importance of maintaining human agency in the face of advancing AI [14]