独家专访拉米：美国实质上已退出WTO 全球化路在何方？

Group 1: WTO and Global Trade Dynamics - The WTO Appellate Body has been "inactive" for nearly six years due to the U.S. obstructing the appointment of members since 2017, leading to its official "shutdown" in December 2019 [1] - Pascal Lamy, former WTO Director-General, suggests that the WTO must adapt to new realities and continue to operate even without U.S. participation, as the U.S. has effectively withdrawn from the organization [1] - Lamy emphasizes the need for a platform to address the North-South tensions regarding climate change and trade, advocating for international trade and labor division to benefit the environment [3][4] Group 2: Environmental Concerns and Trade - Lamy identifies two main issues: the lack of enforceable regulations despite global agreements like the Paris Agreement, and the U.S.'s non-cooperation, which hampers international efforts [3] - He proposes that the world must pursue both open trade and environmental protection simultaneously, highlighting the complexity of balancing these objectives [4] - The rise of preventive trade protectionism, driven by public health and environmental concerns, is noted, with examples like carbon pricing mechanisms in China and Europe [6] Group 3: China's Role in Globalization - China's import and export value is projected to reach 43.85 trillion RMB in 2024, marking a 5% year-on-year increase, with exports growing by 7.1% and imports by 2.3% [7] - Lamy asserts that China will play a crucial role in the next phase of globalization, needing to balance its macroeconomic adjustments while expanding into emerging markets [7] - Companies are urged to enhance their strategic flexibility and adaptability in response to geopolitical and technological changes [7][8] Group 4: Digital Trade and Governance - Digital technology is reshaping global trade, lowering transaction costs and facilitating service trade growth, but differing data governance regulations create new barriers [8] - Establishing an international digital governance framework is critical for sustainable global trade development [8] - Lamy calls for reforms within the WTO to address systemic contradictions, such as the imbalance of power between members and the secretariat, which affects decision-making efficiency [8][9]