中国外汇 | 管涛：三大意外或令2026年美元汇率走势超预期

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unexpected decline of the US dollar index in 2025, despite predictions of its strength due to global trade tensions and monetary policy shifts. It suggests that the dollar index may not be as weak as anticipated in 2026, as various negative factors may have already been priced in [2][14]. Group 1: Dollar Index Performance - The dollar index experienced a significant decline in 2025, reaching a year-low closing price of 96.64 on September 16, with a maximum drop of 10.9% for the year [2]. - By the end of November 2025, the dollar index rebounded to around 99.44, reducing the annual decline to 8.34% [2]. - Despite recent rebounds, market institutions remain bearish on the dollar, citing interest rate expectations, geopolitical risks, and changes in the international monetary system as ongoing pressures [3]. Group 2: Impact of US Policies - The return of Trump to the White House has led to policies that have weakened the credibility of the dollar, including the imposition of "reciprocal tariffs" aimed at reducing the trade deficit [4]. - Trump's policies have undermined the political and monetary foundations of dollar credibility, including interference with the independence of the Federal Reserve [4][5]. - The fiscal discipline of the US has been compromised, with increasing fiscal deficits potentially damaging the dollar's status as a safe-haven asset [5]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The article warns that while the dollar may face depreciation, there is a possibility of stabilization or even strengthening in 2026, particularly if global economic tensions shift away from the US [3][13]. - The dynamics of the international monetary system are evolving, with gold emerging as a significant reserve asset, while the dollar's share in global reserves has declined [6][7]. - The potential for a multi-polar currency system may not benefit non-dollar currencies significantly, as the dollar remains the primary currency for major commodity transactions [7]. Group 4: Federal Reserve's Role - Concerns exist regarding the Federal Reserve's independence under potential political pressures, especially with the upcoming change in leadership in 2026 [8][9]. - The Fed's ability to maintain its credibility may be tested if economic conditions lead to conflicting pressures on interest rates [8][10]. - The internal dynamics of the Fed may shift towards a more divided voting structure, increasing market volatility and uncertainty regarding future monetary policy [11]. Group 5: Global Trade Dynamics - The article highlights the potential for global trade tensions to shift, with the US's unilateral trade policies impacting international supply chains and economic stability [12][13]. - The possibility of other countries becoming the main actors in global trade disputes could lead to a renewed role for the dollar as a safe-haven asset [13]. - The evolving landscape of global trade and economic relations necessitates a nuanced understanding of currency movements and their implications for investment strategies [14].