9座城市，落户门槛仍高于50%

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant reduction in the household registration (hukou) barriers in China from 1999 to 2024, highlighting a drop from 98.8% to 12.6% in the weighted average of urban hukou thresholds [4][16]. Group 1: Hukou Policy Changes - The hukou system has undergone substantial reforms since its inception in 1997, with the central government playing a crucial role in driving these changes through various policy documents [24][27]. - The research covers 332 cities, analyzing their hukou policies from 1996 to 2024, revealing that the barriers to urban residency have decreased significantly, especially in lower-tier cities [8][16]. Group 2: Current Hukou Thresholds - As of 2024, major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou still maintain high hukou barriers, with Beijing's openness at only 0.19% [5][17]. - In contrast, many lower-tier cities have achieved near-zero thresholds, with 48.49% of cities reporting no barriers to residency [16][18]. Group 3: Factors Influencing Hukou Reforms - Economic conditions, local government policies, and public service quality are key factors influencing the willingness of cities to lower hukou barriers [27][28]. - The competition among cities for population and economic growth has also prompted many to relax their hukou policies to attract talent and investment [28][30]. Group 4: Future Directions - The trend suggests that while hukou barriers in first-tier cities may gradually decrease, the process will be slow and contingent on improvements in public service capacity [33]. - A proposed reform direction includes decoupling public services from hukou status, allowing for a more flexible approach to residency and service provision [33][34].