梁建章：如何减少内卷 | 立方大家谈

Core Viewpoint - The primary issue facing the Chinese economy and enterprises is how to reduce "involution," which is characterized as ineffective competition leading to a zero-sum or negative-sum game, particularly due to resource bottlenecks [3][4]. Economic Context - The current macroeconomic challenge in China is that many industries are experiencing demand growth that lags behind supply growth, resulting in price declines and increased difficulties for enterprises [3][4]. Industry Example: Tourism - The tourism industry exemplifies this issue, where domestic tourism numbers are increasing moderately, but supply growth (e.g., hotels, attractions) is outpacing demand, leading to price declines of over 10% despite a 5% increase in sales volume [4]. Solutions to Increase Demand - Expand External Demand: There is significant potential in service trade, particularly inbound tourism, which has seen rapid growth due to relaxed visa policies. If inbound tourism could reach 1%-2% of GDP, it could represent a substantial economic boost [4][5]. - Increase Consumer Spending Power: Proposing direct financial support to consumers through fiscal deficits, amounting to 2%-3% of GDP, to stimulate consumption and address deflationary pressures [5][6]. - Address Declining Birth Rates: The significant drop in birth rates poses a long-term risk to economic innovation and growth. Supporting young people financially could alleviate their burdens and encourage higher birth rates [7][8]. - Provide More Leisure Time: Reducing overall working hours and increasing vacation time could help balance work and personal life, fostering a healthier consumer environment [9]. - Educational Reform: To combat educational involution, reducing unnecessary competitive pressures in the education system is essential. This includes reconsidering the necessity of multiple rounds of academic screening [10][11]. Summary of Recommendations - The overarching strategy to reduce involution in Chinese society can be summarized as "four increases and one decrease": increase foreign visitors, increase financial support, increase birth rates, increase leisure time, and decrease examinations [12].