专访麦匡耀、周建宏、苏杨：实施《国家公园法》，推动高水平保护与高质量发展同域共存

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the 20th anniversary of the "Two Mountains" concept, emphasizing the need for high-level protection and high-quality development in the context of national parks, highlighting the ongoing discussions among experts on how to achieve this balance [1]. Group 1: Implementation of the National Park Law - The National Park Law, effective from January 1, 2026, provides strong support for the transformation of the "Two Mountains" concept into practice, although challenges remain [5][6]. - The law introduces a significant shift in management style from a restrictive "blacklist" approach to a more flexible "whitelist" management, allowing certain human activities while ensuring ecological protection [7][8]. Group 2: Community Involvement and Economic Benefits - In the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, a "whitelist" management approach allows local residents to maintain necessary facilities while ensuring ecological integrity, leading to a win-win situation for both protection and livelihood [8][10]. - The South Mountain National Park candidate area has implemented measures that allow for scientific research and non-damaging production activities, enhancing community support for conservation efforts [10][19]. Group 3: Ecological Product Value Realization - The ecological environment's high-quality protection is essential for developing green industries, with the GEP (Gross Ecosystem Product) accounting for 446.78 billion yuan, providing a scientific basis for ecological product pricing [10][16]. - Initiatives like the "Zhu Huan Rice" and the establishment of an ecological product brand system have led to increased sales and community benefits, demonstrating the successful integration of ecological protection and economic development [16][20]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - The article highlights the need for clearer guidelines on how specific ecological elements can serve as production factors in various industries, avoiding superficial approaches like mere tourism or agricultural sales [20][21]. - Both national parks are exploring innovative methods to concentrate production factors towards green industries, including land use reforms and financial incentives for ecological projects [21][22].