欧美数字服务管理分歧进一步加剧

Core Viewpoint - The European Commission has fined the social media platform X €120 million for violating the transparency obligations of the Digital Services Act, marking the first significant enforcement action under this regulation [1][2]. Group 1: Violations and Penalties - X platform was found to have three main violations: misleading "blue check" certification, insufficient transparency in the advertising database, and restrictions on researchers' access to public data. The fines for these violations totaled €120 million, with specific penalties of €45 million, €35 million, and €40 million for each violation respectively [2]. - The European Commission has set two deadlines for X: 60 days to submit a solution to end the "blue check" violations and 90 days to provide a plan to improve transparency in the advertising database and access for researchers [2]. Group 2: Legal and Political Implications - This fine establishes a legal precedent, reinforcing the EU's regulatory authority and potentially leading to a fragmentation of global digital rules. It may also increase compliance costs for X, impacting its business model, and exacerbate the trust crisis between the US and EU [2][3]. - The ongoing enforcement actions against US tech companies by the EU are seen as a means to maintain digital sovereignty, promote fair competition, and protect user rights, particularly in data security and content regulation [3][4]. Group 3: US-EU Relations and Strategic Disagreements - The US has criticized the EU's regulatory framework as unfair to American tech companies, suggesting that it could lead to more frequent enforcement actions against them in Europe. The US views this as a form of digital protectionism [4]. - There are long-standing strategic disagreements between the US and EU regarding data governance, technology regulation, and digital taxation, with the EU emphasizing strict data protection and the US advocating for data free flow [4]. Group 4: Global Digital Governance Challenges - The global digital governance landscape is characterized by fragmentation, with various regional rules like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation and the new US-Mexico-Canada Agreement coexisting, leading to inconsistencies in standards for data flow and AI ethics [5]. - The enforcement actions by the EU may influence global digital governance by promoting the adoption of EU standards among multinational companies, potentially establishing a global regulatory benchmark, but could also intensify the competition for digital sovereignty between the US and EU [6].