2025普惠金融报告｜普惠十年记

Core Insights - China's inclusive finance has evolved from a historical leap of "from nothing to something" to a focus on "precision" and "quality" in the next decade, with challenges such as customer homogeneity and rising risk control costs [1][12] - The development of inclusive finance has been marked by policy breakthroughs, technological empowerment, and service expansion, reaching rural areas and enhancing financial services beyond just credit [4][6] Group 1: Development Achievements - As of Q3 2025, the balance of inclusive loans for small and micro enterprises reached 36.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.1%, more than double the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [5] - The average interest rate for newly issued inclusive loans in 2024 was 4.13%, down 33 basis points from the previous year, indicating a trend towards more affordable financing [5] - The balance of agricultural loans reached 51.36 trillion yuan, growing by 9.8%, which is higher than the general loan growth rate [5] Group 2: Policy and Framework - The concept of inclusive finance was formally introduced in China in 2013, aiming to address the "Matthew effect" in financial services, where resources were concentrated among large enterprises [6] - The State Council issued a development plan for inclusive finance in 2015, establishing a framework to enhance financial services for underserved sectors [6][17] - The Central Financial Work Conference recognized inclusive finance as a key pillar for high-quality national development [8] Group 3: Challenges and Market Dynamics - The inclusive finance sector has transitioned from a "blue ocean" to a "red ocean," facing increased competition and challenges such as customer homogeneity and rising costs [12][13] - Financial institutions are struggling with the balance between expanding coverage and ensuring sustainable risk management, leading to issues like "picking the best" clients while neglecting smaller enterprises [13][14] - Specific challenges include the difficulty in assessing risks for small businesses and the need for insurance products to cover previously underserved populations [13][14] Group 4: Future Directions - The next decade will focus on enhancing the quality of inclusive finance, with an emphasis on creating a supportive monetary environment and improving service capabilities [16][19] - A new coordination mechanism for supporting small and micro enterprises is being established to facilitate better connections between banks and businesses [17] - The goal is to build a high-quality comprehensive inclusive finance system by 2025, with ongoing optimization of financial services for key sectors [17][18]