让保护者受益 让损害者担责——甘肃省生态补偿与生态环境损害赔偿制度实践

Core Viewpoint - Gansu Province is implementing an innovative ecological compensation mechanism to promote ecological protection and restoration, ensuring that protectors benefit while those who cause damage are held accountable [3][4][16]. Group 1: Ecological Compensation Mechanism - Gansu is focusing on three core tasks: ecological protection of Qilian Mountains, ecological restoration of the upper Yellow River, and restoration of inland rivers, using an ecological compensation mechanism to activate protection efforts [3][16]. - The province has established a horizontal ecological compensation agreement across provinces, integrating the logic of "benefit" and "responsibility" throughout ecological protection processes [17]. - As of 2024, the water quality in 41 national control sections of the Yellow River basin has a good rate of 97.56%, with the main stream's water quality meeting Class II standards for nine consecutive years [20]. Group 2: Policy Framework and Implementation - Gansu has developed a comprehensive policy framework for horizontal ecological compensation, emphasizing top-level design and regional collaboration [20]. - Since 2020, Gansu has allocated 360 million yuan to support water pollution prevention and ecological restoration in various regions [20]. - The province has signed multiple horizontal ecological compensation agreements with neighboring provinces, including Sichuan and Ningxia, to enhance cross-province ecological protection [24]. Group 3: Environmental Damage Compensation - The ecological damage compensation system aims to address the issue of "polluters pay" and ensure that environmental damages are compensated [27][28]. - Gansu has handled over 500 ecological damage compensation cases since the 14th Five-Year Plan, involving over 630 million yuan in ecological restoration funds [29]. - The province is enhancing the rigidity of the damage compensation system by integrating it with environmental supervision and public interest litigation [30]. Group 4: Innovative Repair Methods - Gansu is exploring innovative paths for damage compensation and restoration, including the first case of "environmental pollution liability insurance + carbon credit reduction" [31]. - This innovative model combines insurance mechanisms with carbon trading to facilitate ecological restoration while alleviating financial burdens on companies [32]. Group 5: Strengthening Accountability - Gansu is establishing a robust inter-departmental collaboration and judicial linkage mechanism to ensure effective handling of ecological damage cases [33]. - The province is promoting a culture of accountability where enterprises are increasingly aware of their environmental responsibilities, leading to a rise in proactive compliance [35].