欧盟松口气：中国发证了，有效期更长

Core Viewpoint - The European Union has reported that China has begun issuing longer-term rare earth export licenses, which are crucial for industries such as clean technology, automotive manufacturing, and defense contracting [1][7]. Group 1: License Issuance - China has started issuing general licenses for rare earth exports with a validity of one year, which is expected to alleviate bottlenecks in the application process that previously threatened the operations of key industries like German automotive manufacturing [1][3][7]. - The European Commission has noted that approximately 70% of license applications have been approved by China since April, an increase from the previously estimated 50% [3][9]. Group 2: Regulatory Context - The export license system was established by China to regulate the transportation of critical minerals, including rare earths, which China largely controls, causing concern in Europe, the United States, and other regions [3][10]. - The EU has been actively seeking general licenses to facilitate the export of rare earths, which are essential for future industries such as robotics, automation, advanced defense, electric vehicles, and green energy technologies [10][11]. Group 3: Diplomatic Engagement - Following recent trade discussions between the U.S. and China, the EU has engaged in dialogues with Chinese representatives to confirm the situation regarding rare earth exports and to promote stability in the supply chain [6][11]. - The EU and China have agreed to continue communication to address mutual concerns in the export control domain, aiming to ensure the stability and smooth operation of the industrial supply chain [11].