如何成为一个杰出投资者

Core Insights - Joel Greenblatt, founder of Gotham Capital, is known for his "Magic Formula" investment strategy, which emphasizes buying good companies at cheap prices based on high return on invested capital (ROIC) and low earnings multiples [1][4][11] - The "Magic Formula" involves ranking stocks based on their EBIT/EV yield and ROIC, selecting the top 20-30 stocks for investment [1][5][7] - Greenblatt's approach suggests that investors should maintain a long-term perspective, as the formula may underperform in the short term but has historically yielded significant returns over longer periods [8][10] Investment Strategy - The "Magic Formula" uses EBIT/EV to determine a stock's yield, which is a more comprehensive measure of profitability compared to the traditional PE ratio [1][2] - Good companies are defined by high ROIC, which reflects their ability to generate returns on all invested capital, rather than just equity [4][5] - Greenblatt recommends that non-professional investors allocate funds evenly across the top-ranked stocks to minimize risk, while professional investors can selectively choose from the top ranks based on their expertise [7] Performance Metrics - Historical performance of the "Magic Formula" shows that in a 17-year period, it has outperformed the market significantly, with the worst three-year return being 11%, compared to a market loss of 46% [7][8] - The formula's effectiveness is contingent on a long-term investment horizon, as it may experience periods of underperformance [8] Value Investing Philosophy - Greenblatt emphasizes the importance of accurately assessing a company's value and waiting for the stock price to reach a safe margin before investing [9][11] - He believes that value investing is not dead, as evidenced by his success during the internet bubble when many investors faced significant losses [9][10] - The focus is on finding undervalued securities created through corporate actions like mergers and restructurings, which can lead to mispriced opportunities [9]