“十五五”首席观察｜专访田轩：我国降准、降息尚有一定空间

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese economy is showing resilience under policy coordination, with a focus on balancing short-term recovery and long-term transformation as it enters the "15th Five-Year Plan" period [1] Group 1: Economic Policy and Consumption - The shift in consumption policy from "incremental stimulation" to "structural optimization" is necessary for high-quality economic development, addressing diminishing marginal returns of traditional policies [5] - Key mechanisms for sustainable consumption growth in 2026 include establishing a virtuous cycle of income and consumption, optimizing supply-side reforms, and enhancing urban-rural integration [6] - To alleviate preventive savings pressure and boost consumption potential, policies must address housing, education, and healthcare costs while promoting income growth and improving the consumption environment [8] Group 2: Monetary Policy - The monetary policy framework under the "15th Five-Year Plan" allows for multiple avenues of action, including flexible use of tools like reserve requirement ratio cuts and open market operations to maintain liquidity [9] - There is still room for interest rate cuts to lower financing costs for banks and support long-term funding [9] - Structural monetary policy tools can be upgraded to enhance credit support for key sectors, ensuring effective allocation of financial resources [10][11] Group 3: Exchange Rate and External Factors - The Chinese yuan is expected to appreciate moderately in 2026, supported by economic recovery and improved trade structures, despite external uncertainties [12] - Internal factors such as economic resilience and increased demand for yuan-denominated assets contribute to this trend, while external factors include global economic disparities and potential shifts in U.S. monetary policy [13] - Challenges to maintaining a stable exchange rate include capital flow volatility and geopolitical risks, which could lead to irrational short-term fluctuations [14] Group 4: Internal and External Circulation - Strengthening "internal circulation" and promoting "high-level opening up" are complementary strategies that can enhance economic resilience and attract global resources [14] - A clear strategic plan is essential for coordinating these two approaches, ensuring systematic and stable policy implementation while managing external risks [15]