弱供给周期下的行业配置属性再探讨—流动性溢价将支撑贵金属定价重心持续上移

Investment Summary - The global central bank interest rate cut ratio has significantly increased from 13.33% in October 2022 to 85.33% in October 2025, indicating a shift from a tightening to a loosening monetary policy cycle since the Federal Reserve's first rate cut in September 2024 [1] - The net interest rate cut ratio has also improved from -73.33% to +86.08% during the same period, suggesting that the easing of financial conditions will positively impact economic growth and commodity prices, particularly in the metal industry [1] Central Bank Balance Sheet - The global central bank balance sheet has shown positive changes, with the contraction rate narrowing from -11.16% in April 2024 to -0.89% in October 2025, indicating a potential return to quantitative easing (QE) [2] - The Federal Reserve has initiated reserve management bond purchases, with the first round amounting to approximately $40 billion in short-term Treasury bills [2] - Historical data shows that previous QE periods have led to significant increases in commodity price indices, with energy, mineral, and metal indices rising by 131.88%, 55.46%, and 55.29% respectively during the last QE period from 2020 to 2022 [2] Geopolitical Risks and Gold - The global geopolitical risk index has reached its third-highest level since the 1973 Middle East War, significantly above the historical average, which has led to an increase in the safe-haven premium for gold [3] - The global economic policy uncertainty index has also hit a record high, further supporting gold as a safe-haven asset during turbulent financial periods [3] Gold Market Dynamics - Gold pricing is expected to show a trend of being easier to rise and harder to fall, with supply-demand dynamics becoming more critical in determining price stability [4] - Global gold supply is in a low-growth phase, while demand remains robust, particularly due to central bank purchases, which have exceeded 1,000 tons annually for three consecutive years [4] - The average annual global gold consumption has risen to approximately 4,616 tons, with significant net inflows into gold ETFs [4] Silver Market Outlook - The global silver supply is expected to grow at a low rate, with a projected increase from 31,529 tons in 2024 to 32,666 tons in 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of only 1.2% [6] - Industrial demand for silver, driven by sectors like photovoltaics and electric vehicles, is anticipated to be the main growth driver for silver demand, while traditional photography demand continues to decline [6] Platinum Market Analysis - The global platinum market is projected to maintain a structural supply shortage, with a forecasted supply gap of 39 tons in 2025 due to weak mining output and slow recovery in recycling [7] - The ongoing supply constraints and resilient demand are expected to support platinum prices, with the market potentially entering a structural shortage cycle from 2025 to 2027 [7]