汽车零部件纳入清单！欧盟为何急于扩大碳边界税征收范围？

Core Viewpoint - The European Union plans to expand the carbon border tax to include automotive parts starting January 1, 2026, aiming to close policy loopholes and prevent foreign manufacturers from evading climate-related costs [5][6]. Group 1: Tax Implementation and Objectives - The expansion of the carbon border tax is based on the "carbon leakage risk," where industries might relocate production outside Europe to avoid strict climate policies [6]. - The primary goal of the carbon border tax is to protect local industries from low-priced, high-emission imports and to encourage global manufacturers to adopt cleaner production methods [6]. - The EU anticipates that the carbon border tax will generate €2.1 billion (approximately $2.47 billion) in revenue by 2030, with 25% of this revenue allocated to subsidize local manufacturers to offset additional costs incurred from imported carbon taxes [6][9]. Group 2: Impact on Automotive Industry - The carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) is seen as a tool for environmental protection and a potential strategy for trade protection, linking import costs to the EU's internal carbon price, currently around €90 per ton [9]. - For automotive parts suppliers outside Europe, the tax could result in additional costs of 3%-5% on production costs for components manufactured in high-emission regions [9][10]. - To avoid tariffs, some multinational automotive companies may adjust their supply chains, moving production to low-carbon regions near the EU, which could increase local manufacturing investments by 20% [10]. Group 3: Compliance and Strategic Transformation - Automotive companies are encouraged to establish comprehensive carbon footprint tracking systems throughout their supply chains, utilizing blockchain technology for data transparency [11]. - Investment in low-carbon technologies is essential not only to comply with the carbon border tax but also to meet the growing consumer demand for low-carbon vehicles [12]. - Establishing low-carbon manufacturing hubs near the EU is viewed as an effective strategy to mitigate carbon tariffs while enhancing market responsiveness [12][13]. Group 4: Global Standards and Future Outlook - There is a call for international coordination on carbon accounting standards to reduce certification costs and improve operational efficiency for automotive companies [13]. - The expansion of the EU's carbon border tax signifies a shift in global automotive competition from "technology + cost" to "low-carbon + compliance" [13]. - The future of international automotive trade may evolve into a system where carbon emissions are tracked digitally, akin to a "carbon passport" [13].