进击的大脑：人工智能与生物演化双重视角下的智能简史

Core Insights - The book "A Brief History of Intelligence" by Max Bennett provides a new perspective on human intelligence evolution, emphasizing the importance of understanding human behavior beyond traditional economic models [1][16]. Economic Behavior - Traditional economics relies on the rational agent hypothesis, which assumes individuals make decisions to maximize their preferences based on stable and observable constraints [2][4]. - This approach has faced criticism for oversimplifying human behavior, neglecting emotional and irrational factors that influence decision-making [6][7]. Evolutionary Perspective - The defense of rational choice models in economics draws from evolutionary theory, suggesting that non-rational behaviors are eliminated through competition in resource-scarce environments [4][5]. - The transition from radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry in animal evolution is highlighted as a significant development that paved the way for the emergence of intelligence [13][14]. Behavioral Economics - Behavioral economics challenges the rational agent model, asserting that intuition, instinct, and emotions play crucial roles in human behavior [7][8]. - Daniel Kahneman's work distinguishes between two cognitive systems: System 1 (intuitive) and System 2 (analytical), with the former driving the majority of human decisions [8][9]. Emotional and Social Factors - Historical economists like Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes recognized the importance of emotions in understanding human behavior and market dynamics [9][10]. - Smith's concept of "sympathy" illustrates how emotional connections among individuals contribute to social cohesion [10]. Uncertainty in Economics - The existence of uncertainty complicates economic systems, as human cognitive abilities are limited in navigating unpredictable environments [11][12]. - Understanding human behavior in uncertain contexts is essential for economic analysis, and evolutionary perspectives can provide valuable insights [16].