人类AI算力竞争离开地球表面进入太空，美银报告：巨头都在跟进，极具挑战性

Core Viewpoint - The competition for AI computing power is expanding into space, with companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin exploring space-based computing platforms as the next phase of capacity expansion [2][3]. Group 1: Space-Based Computing Platforms - The demand for data centers supporting AI is driving tech and space companies to consider space-based computing platforms for capacity expansion [3]. - Companies such as SpaceX and Blue Origin are actively pursuing opportunities in space to enhance their AI business [3]. - Startups like Starcoud, supported by NVIDIA, are deploying GPUs on satellites to train AI models in orbit, while Google plans to test its hardware and AI models in space by 2027 [3]. Group 2: Technical Challenges - The space environment poses significant technical challenges for the large-scale deployment of high-performance computing payloads [5]. - While sun-synchronous orbits provide strong solar energy, radiation in these environments can damage unshielded electronic devices, necessitating radiation-hardened computing equipment, which increases costs and payload weight [5]. - The thermal management of sensitive chips in the vacuum of space is particularly challenging, with a 1 GW orbital data center potentially requiring heat dissipation 15,000 times greater than that of the International Space Station [5]. Group 3: Launch Demand Growth - The deployment of space-based data centers is expected to increase launch demand, benefiting providers like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Rocket Lab [6]. - The development of heavy-lift rockets, such as the Starship and New Glenn, may require hundreds of flights to fully deploy a large-scale space data center, creating ongoing launch opportunities [7]. - Even small initial deployments are likely to sustain launch demand exceeding supply, presenting opportunities for major launch providers [7]. Group 4: Impact on Space Infrastructure - The widespread deployment of space-based data centers will generate comprehensive demand for space infrastructure, including satellites, payloads, space stations, and orbital platforms [6][8]. - High-bandwidth secure data transmission required for AI applications will increase the demand for laser communication, with providers like SpaceX and Myani involved in this space [8]. - The deployment of large space assets will create opportunities for developers like Voyager Technologies and Axiom, which plans to deploy orbital data center infrastructure nodes to the International Space Station by 2027 [8].