欧盟“撤回”2035全面电动化

Core Viewpoint - The European Commission has proposed to relax the 2035 ban on the sale of fuel vehicles, adjusting the new car "zero emissions" target to a "90% reduction" in emissions, allowing some fuel vehicles to remain in the market under specific conditions [1][3]. Policy Adjustments - The adjustment of the emission reduction policy is a significant change from the original 2021 target of a complete ban on new fuel vehicles by 2035, which aimed to force the automotive industry towards electrification [3]. - The latest proposal allows for a 90% reduction in emissions compared to 2021 baseline levels, with the remaining 10% potentially offset by using low-carbon steel, synthetic fuels, or non-food biofuels [3][4]. Industry Reactions - Major European automakers, including Volkswagen and Stellantis, have expressed concerns about weak demand for electric vehicles and have called for relaxed carbon emission targets [4]. - German automakers like BMW and Volkswagen support the proposal, viewing it as a pragmatic approach that aligns with current market realities [4]. Internal Divisions - There are significant divisions within the EU regarding the adjustment of the fuel vehicle ban, with some member states advocating for "technological openness" while others, including environmental organizations, oppose the relaxation of policies [5]. - Companies like Volvo and Polestar have voiced strong opposition to the policy shift, arguing it undermines the commitment to electrification and damages trust in EU regulations [5]. Market Dynamics - The European automotive industry is facing structural pressures, with hybrid vehicle registrations increasing while gasoline vehicle registrations have declined [7]. - The cost pressures from high energy prices and tariffs have further complicated the transition to electric vehicles, leading to profit declines among major German automakers [7][8]. Long-term Trends - Despite current challenges, the long-term trend towards electrification remains strong, with the market share of electric vehicles in the EU continuing to grow [8]. - In the first ten months of 2025, new registrations of pure electric vehicles reached approximately 1.47 million, representing a market share of 16.4%, an increase from 13.2% in the previous year [8].