惊人相似？95年前这位总统也用关税治病，结果美国直接崩了

Group 1 - The article draws parallels between the economic policies of former President Trump and those of Herbert Hoover, particularly in their use of tariffs and trade barriers to stimulate the U.S. economy [1][4] - Hoover's presidency followed a period of economic prosperity known as the Roaring Twenties, where the U.S. industrial output surpassed that of major European countries due to its untouched status during World War I [3][4] - Both Trump and Hoover, having backgrounds in business, believed that low tariffs from other countries exploited the U.S. economy, necessitating higher tariffs to protect domestic industries [4][11] Group 2 - The article highlights the overproduction issues in the U.S. economy during Hoover's time, where production capacity exceeded consumer demand, leading to reliance on installment payments and overseas markets to absorb excess supply [6][9] - The stock market crash on October 24, 1929, marked the beginning of a widespread economic crisis, leading to bank runs and closures, which quickly spread to various sectors [8][9] - Hoover's belief that the economic crisis was temporary and his refusal to intervene initially exacerbated the situation, leading to a deeper economic downturn [9][11] Group 3 - Hoover's solution to the economic crisis involved raising tariffs to limit foreign goods, which he believed would make domestic products more competitive, mirroring Trump's approach [11][12] - The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which imposed high tariffs on imports, faced significant opposition from economists and business leaders, yet it was enacted, leading to retaliatory tariffs from other countries [12][13] - The global trade war that ensued resulted in a drastic decline in U.S. exports and imports, with import values plummeting from $4.4 billion in 1929 to $1.5 billion by 1933 [15] Group 4 - The economic crisis led to a significant decline in the living standards of the American middle class, with many facing bankruptcy and homelessness, coining terms like "Hoovervilles" for makeshift shelters [15][17] - The U.S. lost its international influence and shifted towards isolationism, avoiding involvement in global conflicts until the emergence of Roosevelt [17][19] - Hoover's presidency ended in defeat in the 1932 election, with Roosevelt's New Deal policies eventually leading the country out of the economic crisis [19]