《科学》评 2025 年十大科学突破：中国引领全球可再生能源转型居首

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is accelerating, with renewable sources like solar and wind energy rapidly replacing fossil fuels, marking a significant historical shift in the energy system [1][3]. - According to Ember, global renewable energy generation has surpassed coal for the first time this year, with solar and wind energy's new generation capacity covering the entire increase in global electricity demand from January to June [3]. - China is identified as the leading force in this transition, producing approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries, benefiting from its strong industrial system and cost advantages [3][4]. Group 2 - The renewable energy sector now accounts for over 10% of China's total economic output, with wind and solar energy becoming the cheapest sources of electricity in many regions globally [4]. - Over the past decade, China's solar power generation has increased more than 20 times, with its existing wind and solar capacity sufficient to meet the entire electricity demand of the United States [6]. - The current mainstream photovoltaic technology is based on crystalline silicon, but future advancements are expected to be led by China, including perovskite-silicon tandem cells and new energy storage solutions [9].