针对流感等呼吸道传染病，如何做好防护？专家建议

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of flu vaccination and health precautions during the winter season, particularly in northern regions where cold weather increases the risk of respiratory diseases [1][2][3] Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations - Flu vaccination is highlighted as the most economical and effective method to prevent influenza, significantly reducing the risk of illness and severe outcomes for vaccinated individuals [1] - It is recommended that individuals aged 6 months and older, without contraindications, receive the flu vaccine, with priority given to vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses [1] - Some regions are providing free flu vaccinations for school-aged children and the elderly, which has shown protective effects [1] Group 2: Hygiene Practices - Good hygiene habits are essential, including using tissues or elbows to cover coughs and sneezes, maintaining hand hygiene, and avoiding touching the face with unclean hands [2] - Families are advised to monitor the health of vulnerable members and practice handwashing and changing clothes upon returning home [2] - Individuals exhibiting respiratory symptoms should wear masks and maintain distance from others [2] Group 3: Indoor Environment and Safety - Maintaining a fresh indoor environment through regular ventilation and cleanliness is recommended, including disinfecting frequently touched surfaces [2] - Special attention is given to preventing falls during rainy or snowy weather, particularly for the elderly, who should wear non-slip shoes and choose safe walking routes [3] - Outdoor workers, such as sanitation workers and delivery personnel, are advised to dress warmly and follow health precautions, including vaccination and proper mask usage [3]