感冒药怎么选？有哪些注意事项？专家详解

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of appropriate medication for common colds, advocating for symptom-targeted and safe drug use [3][4]. Group 1: Medication Guidelines - For common colds, medications should focus on symptom relief, primarily using decongestants like pseudoephedrine and antihistamines like chlorpheniramine [3][4]. - If fever exceeds 38.5°C or if there are significant body aches, additional medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used, but care should be taken to avoid overlapping ingredients in combination medications [4][5]. Group 2: Antibiotic and Antiviral Use - Antibiotics are ineffective against colds, which are typically caused by viruses, and should only be prescribed for confirmed bacterial infections [4][5]. - Antiviral medications should not be misused; they are generally only prescribed within 48 hours of a confirmed flu diagnosis [5]. Group 3: Special Population Considerations - Elderly patients should be cautious with medications containing pseudoephedrine due to potential impacts on blood pressure and heart conditions [5]. - Pediatric medications should be specifically formulated for children rather than simply reducing adult dosages [5]. - Pregnant women are advised to consult healthcare professionals before taking any medications to avoid unnecessary risks [5].