真相来了丨厌食症就是不想吃饭、讨厌吃饭？出现这些症状要重视

Core Viewpoint - Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, significant weight loss, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. It is not simply a dislike of food but involves a complex interplay of psychological and physiological factors [2][6]. Group 1: Definition and Characteristics - Anorexia nervosa is defined as a psychological illness with core features including extreme food restriction, significant weight loss, and a strong fear of weight gain [2]. - Patients often desire to eat but are compelled to avoid food due to fear of weight gain, leading to a series of physical and psychological consequences [2][4]. Group 2: Physical and Psychological Effects - Long-term anorexia can lead to severe health issues such as low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, anemia, constipation, amenorrhea, and stunted growth during puberty. It has the highest mortality rate among mental disorders, with 5% to 20% of patients dying from complications related to malnutrition or suicide [6]. - Psychological effects include low mood, irritability, and potential depression, particularly in individuals with low carbohydrate intake [4]. Group 3: Causes and Risk Factors - Anorexia nervosa is influenced by multiple factors, including societal pressures for thinness, biological factors such as genetics and neurotransmitter imbalances, and personality traits like introversion and low self-esteem [8]. - There is a concerning trend of younger individuals, including children as young as 12, developing anorexia, indicating a shift in the demographic affected by this disorder [9]. Group 4: Treatment Approaches - Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving psychiatric care, endocrinology, nutrition, and rehabilitation [10]. - Psychological therapy aims to adjust cognitive distortions and alleviate anxiety, while nutritional interventions help restore normal eating patterns. Family support is crucial, emphasizing understanding and encouragement rather than criticism [12].