消费券后下轮“补贴”该补哪？消费提振如何实现投资于人？专家：收入分配改革是关键

Core Viewpoint - Improving income distribution is crucial for breaking the current constraints on consumer demand and driving economic growth [1][9] Group 1: Economic Context - The current economic situation in China is characterized by a "strong supply and weak demand" dynamic, with insufficient domestic demand being a significant barrier to high-quality development [5] - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is hovering around zero, and the Producer Price Index (PPI) has experienced negative growth for 27 consecutive quarters, leading to structural deflationary pressures [5] - The gap between actual economic growth (approximately 5%) and nominal growth indicates a persistent issue that requires targeted measures across various sectors [5][9] Group 2: Income Distribution Issues - Experts identify the slowdown in income growth and the need for optimization in income distribution as the core issues behind weak domestic demand [9][10] - The current Gini coefficient is approximately 0.465, indicating a need for improvement in income distribution fairness, with a target of reducing it to around 0.4 by 2030 [10] - The urban-rural income ratio stands between 2.3 and 2.4, which is still considered high compared to international standards, with a goal to reduce it below 2 during the 14th Five-Year Plan [10] Group 3: Recommendations for Income Growth - Implementing proactive employment and human capital investment policies is essential, including extending compulsory education and reallocating educational resources for lifelong training [13][14] - Strengthening redistributive measures through progressive taxation and increasing government spending on social welfare is crucial for improving income distribution [14] - Stabilizing and enhancing residents' property income is vital, with a focus on maintaining stability in the real estate and capital markets [15] Group 4: Consumer Demand Enhancement - Experts suggest moving beyond traditional short-term stimulus measures to enhance consumer demand, advocating for investment in service consumption and areas that promote human development [17][18] - Expanding consumption scenarios and optimizing the consumption environment are key, including promoting the silver economy and reducing unreasonable consumption restrictions [18] Group 5: Long-term Support for Domestic Demand - Expanding domestic demand requires effective investment coordination and deep institutional reforms [20] - Addressing local government investment capacity and promoting long-term sustainable fiscal development through tax reform and the reallocation of fiscal powers are necessary [20] - Fostering technological innovation and industrial upgrading is fundamental for increasing income and creating high-quality employment, ultimately supporting long-term consumption growth [20]