邓正红能源软实力：全球能源流动路径 单边规则重构实现能源霸权的非对称投射

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. has escalated its maritime actions against oil tankers associated with Venezuela, framing these actions as law enforcement while aiming to establish energy hegemony through unilateral rules [1][6]. Group 1: U.S. Actions and Strategies - The U.S. has conducted two public interceptions of oil tankers near Venezuela in December, with the latest being a Panama-flagged tanker carrying Venezuelan oil [1]. - The U.S. has labeled its actions as part of a broader strategy to combat "drug terrorism," effectively redefining commercial oil transport as illegal if linked to Venezuela [1][4]. - The U.S. aims to create a "supply chain fear" among global shipping companies, insurance firms, and port operators, leading to a self-censorship in the market regarding Venezuelan oil [2]. Group 2: Venezuela and Iran's Response - Venezuela's Foreign Minister has indicated that Iran has proposed comprehensive cooperation to counter U.S. military threats in the Caribbean [1]. - Venezuela and Iran's response has been characterized by a lack of systematic prediction and coordination, resulting in a delayed reaction to U.S. actions [2][4]. - The joint statement from Venezuela and Iran marks the initiation of a counter-soft power strategy, attempting to redefine U.S. actions as piracy and terrorism [4]. Group 3: Soft Power Dynamics - The U.S. has successfully elevated economic sanctions to a global security action, legitimizing its actions through a moral framework [4][6]. - The U.S. has established a collaborative enforcement chain involving various government agencies, while Venezuela and Iran have relied primarily on diplomatic statements without a robust counter-network [2][5]. - The U.S. maintains advantages in rule-setting for international shipping and finance, while Venezuela and Iran lack independent standards and media influence [5]. Group 4: Future Implications - The ongoing maritime actions represent a broader soft power conflict, with the outcome hinging on who can define "legitimacy" and create alternative pathways in global shipping and finance [6]. - The current state of Venezuela and Iran's response is still reactive, lacking a comprehensive alternative rule framework to challenge U.S. dominance [5][6].