HPV感染不分性别，“男女共防”如何筑牢免疫防线？

Core Viewpoint - HPV is a significant public health issue affecting both men and women, with over 80% of individuals likely to be infected at least once in their lifetime. Vaccination is crucial for prevention, and a gender-inclusive approach is essential for achieving herd immunity and reducing overall healthcare burdens [1][2]. Group 1: HPV Infection and Public Health Impact - HPV has over 200 subtypes and can lead to severe health risks, including various cancers and benign conditions, significantly impacting patients' lives and societal health burdens [1]. - The incidence of HPV-related diseases among men is rising, with approximately 90% of men expected to be infected at least once in their lifetime, indicating a higher infection rate compared to women [2][3]. Group 2: Misconceptions and Awareness - There are prevalent misconceptions regarding male HPV infections, such as the belief that they are not harmful or that only women need vaccination. This lack of awareness contributes to the hidden nature of HPV-related health risks in men [3][4]. - HPV can cause multiple male cancers and benign conditions, with 88% of anal cancers attributed to persistent HPV infection, highlighting the need for increased awareness and prevention efforts [3][4]. Group 3: Prevention Strategies - The "gender-inclusive prevention" approach is recognized as a key strategy for eliminating cervical cancer, emphasizing the importance of vaccinating both men and women [4]. - Regular screening for HPV-related diseases is crucial, with methods including HPV DNA testing and cytological examinations. Standardizing screening processes can enhance effectiveness and reliability [4]. Group 4: Future Directions and Policy Development - The consensus emphasizes the need for a sustainable protective system that includes health education, vaccination, and early screening as primary and secondary prevention strategies [5][6]. - The next three to five years are critical for establishing supportive policies and filling gaps in male HPV prevention, aiming to create a long-term public health framework that promotes equity and comprehensiveness in HPV control [6].