破解“育儿焦虑”，鼓励政府补贴！托育服务法草案首次审议

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the Childcare Services Law is a significant step by the government to address the needs of families with children under three years old and alleviate "parenting anxiety" [1] Group 1: Legislative Context - The Childcare Services Law has been included in the national economic and social development plan during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, indicating a fast-tracked legislative process [2] - The draft law aims to clarify the nature and responsibilities of childcare services, as well as government roles and financial structures [2][3] - The draft was presented for the first time at the 19th meeting of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee on December 22, 2023 [3] Group 2: Current Challenges - Over 30% of families with children under three have a need for childcare services, but the actual enrollment rate is only 7.86% [2] - Approximately 70% of childcare institutions are operating at a loss, and the average monthly fee in first-tier cities exceeds 5,500 yuan per person [2] - Only 6.15% of communities have established childcare service facilities [2] Group 3: International Experience - Countries like Denmark and South Korea have successfully promoted childcare development through legislation, with Denmark's government covering at least 75% of childcare costs [4][5] - Denmark's enrollment rates for children aged 0-3 were 74.7% in 2022 and 69.9% in 2023 [5] Group 4: Distinction from Early Education - Current laws in China contain only general provisions regarding childcare services, highlighting the need for specialized legislation to define its nature and positioning [6] - The draft law emphasizes that childcare focuses on care rather than education, necessitating separate legislation from early education laws [6][8] Group 5: Financial Support and Accessibility - The draft law proposes that childcare should be included in basic public services, requiring enhanced financial support from the government [11] - The central government has allocated 4.91 billion yuan to support the construction of childcare service centers and public childcare institutions from 2021 to 2024 [12] - Local governments are encouraged to explore family childcare service subsidy systems and to provide financial support for inclusive childcare services [12]