专访郑永年：科技创新从0到1，需培育更多技术经纪人

Core Viewpoint - The essence of current great power competition is technological competition, with China's technological innovation being a crucial driver as the country approaches the GDP levels of moderately developed nations [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Innovation in China - By 2025, China is expected to showcase remarkable achievements in technological innovation, including the launch of the DeepSeek R1 model and a rise in the global innovation index ranking [1]. - The "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou" innovation cluster has ranked first among global innovation clusters, highlighting China's growing influence in various future industries such as 6G, quantum computing, and biomedicine [1][3]. - The emphasis on technology and innovation in China's economic development is underscored by the frequent mentions of these terms in the 14th Five-Year Plan [1]. Group 2: Domestic and International Context - The shift towards high-quality economic growth in China necessitates technological innovation, as previous cost advantages are no longer sufficient for further economic expansion [3][4]. - China has transitioned from relying on imported technologies to achieving original innovations, establishing a robust industrial chain in various technology sectors [4][5]. - The concentration of global technological capacity is primarily in the U.S. and China, with other economies struggling to compete at scale due to high costs and resource requirements [5][6]. Group 3: Challenges and Opportunities - The rapid growth of technology sectors may lead to issues such as redundancy and market saturation, but competition will ultimately determine the successful players [8]. - The acceptance of new technologies in Chinese society provides fertile ground for innovation, emphasizing the importance of an effective market, proactive government, and a supportive social environment [9][10]. - The need for a balance between "open" and "closed" innovation strategies is highlighted, with a long-term view favoring open approaches for sustained progress [10]. Group 4: Role of Enterprises in Innovation - The increasing prominence of enterprises in technological innovation is evident, as they focus on practical and application-driven research, contrasting with the more theoretical approach of universities [12][13]. - The recognition of private sector scientists as academicians reflects a significant shift in China's perception of innovation, indicating a growing role for businesses in foundational research [12][13]. - The cultivation of "technology brokers" who understand both technology and market dynamics is essential for enhancing the conversion of research into practical applications [14]. Group 5: Future Directions and Policy Recommendations - There is a call for institutional reforms to align production relations with new productive forces, particularly in the innovative pharmaceutical sector [15]. - Support for high-tech startups and specialized small and medium enterprises is crucial, with a focus on creating a fair competitive environment and avoiding monopolistic practices by larger firms [16][17]. - The establishment of a collaborative ecosystem among cities like Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong is proposed to facilitate the internationalization of innovative outcomes [15][16].