斗不过中国，欧盟全球宣告！马克龙闯下大祸，最大赢家已浮出水面

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has imposed temporary anti-subsidy tariffs of up to 42.7% on EU dairy products, significantly impacting French companies and altering the global trade landscape [1][3][5]. Group 1: Tariff Details - The temporary anti-subsidy tariffs are categorized into three tiers: 21.9% to 42.7% for sampled companies cooperating with the investigation, a uniform rate of 28.6% for other cooperating EU companies, and a maximum rate of 42.7% for non-cooperating companies [1][3]. - The affected dairy products include fresh cheese, processed cheese, blue cheese, and cream, excluding infant formula [3][5]. - The new tariffs increase the effective tax rates on EU cheese exports to China by over 20 percentage points, with some products exceeding a total tax rate of 50% [3][5]. Group 2: Background and Investigation - The trade dispute began with a complaint from the China Dairy Industry Association in August 2024, leading to an investigation into EU subsidies affecting Chinese dairy companies [5][10]. - The investigation revealed that EU subsidies under the Common Agricultural Policy have significantly harmed Chinese dairy producers, with EU dairy exports to China reaching €1.7 billion in 2023, accounting for over 30% of China's total dairy imports [5][10]. Group 3: Impact on Companies - French dairy companies, particularly those producing high-end products like Roquefort and Camembert, are expected to face severe impacts, with prices for French cheese in China projected to rise by 30% to 50% [8][12]. - New Zealand is positioned to benefit significantly from this trade dispute, as it currently supplies 60% of China's cheese imports, and the new tariffs will likely allow New Zealand to capture the market share left by EU products [12][14]. - Domestic dairy companies in China, such as Yili and Mengniu, are expected to accelerate their production capabilities in response to the tariff changes, with Yili planning to expand its cheese production lines [12][14].