Why the S&P 500 could hit 8,500, plus Apple's year-in-review

Economic Growth - The US economy expanded at a rate of 4.3% in the third quarter, driven primarily by consumer spending, which increased by 3.5% [2][3][5] - The growth rate exceeded expectations by a full percentage point, with significant contributions from healthcare spending and trade [3][5] - Business investment grew by over 5%, while exports rose nearly 8%, indicating a robust economic environment [5][6] Consumer Spending - Consumer goods spending in real terms increased by over 3%, with recreation and transportation spending both up around 7% [4][5] - Anecdotal evidence from the holiday shopping season suggests strong consumer spending trends [4] Business Investment - Capital expenditures (capex) grew over 5%, although investment in non-residential structures contracted at a pace of 6.3% [5][6] - The slowdown in business investment is attributed to high interest rates, which are impacting both residential and non-residential investments [9][10] Federal Reserve and Interest Rates - The Federal Reserve may have the capacity to lower interest rates if the economy sustains a growth rate of around 3%, as this would indicate lower inflation [12][13] - The current yield curve is flat, suggesting that monetary policy remains somewhat restrictive despite strong economic growth [13][14] Labor Market - There is a noted decoupling between GDP growth and job growth, with some analysts suggesting that the labor market may take time to catch up with economic recovery [14][16] - The private sector is expected to see job growth as the economy continues to expand, with a three-month moving average of private employment trending upward [17][18] Consumer Sentiment - Despite strong GDP growth, consumer sentiment has declined to levels not seen since April, indicating concerns over affordability and living standards [20][21] - Policies aimed at increasing after-tax wages are expected to improve consumer sentiment over time [19][20] Market Outlook - The stock market is anticipated to continue its upward trajectory, with a target of 8,500 for the S&P 500 in 2026, supported by earnings growth [24][25] - Investors are advised to prepare for potential volatility and consider opportunities in sectors that may be undervalued [26][27] International Relations and Trade - The US-China relationship is expected to evolve, with potential for improved relations and targeted stimulus measures in China to support domestic consumption [50][51] - Chinese technology companies listed in Hong Kong are viewed as undervalued compared to their US counterparts, presenting investment opportunities [45][46] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing sector is projected to improve in 2026, driven by increased certainty and advancements in smart manufacturing technologies [102][103] - Smart manufacturing is characterized by the integration of AI, automation, and improved operational efficiencies, which are expected to enhance product quality and reduce costs for consumers [107][110]