日本发出警告；中国这项技术，一旦成熟日本材料霸权会崩塌

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant shift in the global semiconductor industry, highlighting China's advancements in semiconductor materials and the potential challenges faced by Japan's long-standing dominance in this sector [1][3][18]. Group 1: China's Semiconductor Advancements - Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography materials, developing a new type of photoresist based on poly(thiophene) [3][15]. - By 2025, China's market share in mature chips is expected to reach 28%, indicating rapid expansion in the mature process sector [5]. - The self-sufficiency rate of 12-inch silicon wafers in China is nearing 50%, with local manufacturers offering prices significantly lower than their Japanese counterparts [6]. Group 2: Market Dynamics and Competition - The market share of domestic DRAM in China is projected to increase from less than 5% in 2023 to 12% by 2025, showcasing the swift pace of domestic substitution [6]. - Japan's Rapidus company has announced plans to mass-produce 2nm chips by 2027, backed by substantial government subsidies totaling 1.8 trillion yen [8]. - The competition is intensifying as Japan faces challenges in talent retention, with the workforce in integrated circuits shrinking from approximately 150,000 in 1999 to about 60,000 in 2023 [10]. Group 3: Implications for Global Supply Chains - The ongoing changes in the semiconductor industry are reshaping the value chain, with profits shifting from downstream manufacturers back to upstream wafer producers [10]. - China's semiconductor industry is increasingly viewed as a catalyst for upgrading, especially in response to external pressures such as the U.S. sanctions on Chinese companies [11][13]. - The rise of China's semiconductor capabilities poses a structural challenge to Japan's material dominance, as China aims to establish a self-sufficient semiconductor supply chain [17][18].