章俊：新“新三样”领衔，构筑中国产业发展新基座

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transition of China's economic growth model from "factor expansion" to "innovation-driven" development, highlighting the emergence of new key industries: robotics, artificial intelligence, and innovative pharmaceuticals, referred to as the new "three new samples" [1][19]. Industry Transition - The new "three new samples" signify a shift in focus from merely producing and scaling to defining technological pathways and standards, emphasizing the importance of intellectual property and competitive advantage in technology [2][6]. - The transition reflects a systemic reassessment of growth paradigms and competitive logic, driven by diminishing returns from traditional factor input and the emergence of new growth dividends centered on technological breakthroughs [1][2]. Overcoming the "Middle-Income Trap" - The "middle-income trap" is characterized by a reliance on capital deepening and labor input for productivity gains, leading to diminishing returns. The new "three new samples" aim to reshape the mechanism of productivity formation through efficiency leaps rather than factor accumulation [3][19]. - Artificial intelligence, robotics, and innovative pharmaceuticals collectively enhance productivity by embedding technology into production processes, thereby fostering continuous efficiency improvements [3][19]. Structural Opportunities - The new "three new samples" represent strategic points for China to extend its influence in the global industrial chain, avoiding passive "follower" paths and instead actively participating in shaping global standards and governance [6][7]. - Robotics, AI, and innovative pharmaceuticals are positioned as foundational technologies that can drive comprehensive upgrades across various sectors, enhancing overall productivity [5][19]. Robotics Industry Insights - China has developed a robust robotics industry with significant market depth and breadth, leading in application scenarios and deployment across various sectors [8][9]. - The country possesses a complete and responsive robotics supply chain, which is crucial for rapid expansion and innovation in the industry [8][9]. AI Development Challenges - While China leads in AI application, it faces challenges in foundational technologies such as core algorithms and computing power, which are essential for achieving comprehensive leadership in the field [11][19]. - The vast data resources available in China provide a unique advantage for AI development, but they cannot substitute for breakthroughs in core technologies [11][19]. Innovative Pharmaceuticals Progress - The growth in outbound transactions indicates that Chinese pharmaceutical companies are moving beyond passive roles in the global market, although the proportion of original drugs remains low [12][13]. - The industry is gradually transitioning from a focus on generics to original innovative drugs, with improvements in capabilities for target selection and early clinical validation [12][13]. Addressing Core Technology Dependencies - To mitigate risks associated with reliance on foreign core components, China must prioritize independent research and development while also building a diverse technological ecosystem [14][17]. - The dual approach of fostering independent innovation and creating collaborative networks is essential for enhancing the resilience and strategic flexibility of the industry [17][18]. Future Technological Foundation - The new "three new samples" are expected to provide a sustainable technological foundation for future industrial development, integrating robotics, AI, and innovative pharmaceuticals into a cohesive framework [19][21]. - Robotics will serve as a physical platform, AI as the cognitive engine, and innovative pharmaceuticals will address critical health needs, collectively shaping the next generation of industrial capabilities [20][21].