21专访｜章俊：新“新三样”领衔，构筑中国产业发展新基座

Core Insights - The article discusses the transition of China's industrial upgrade towards a new paradigm characterized by robotics, artificial intelligence, and innovative pharmaceuticals, termed the "new new three items" [1][4] - This shift represents a move from factor-driven growth to innovation-driven growth, emphasizing the importance of technological path definition and standard-setting [1][4] Group 1: New New Three Items - The new new three items are robotics, artificial intelligence, and innovative pharmaceuticals, which are seen as the foundation for future industries [1][4] - These sectors focus on redefining competition from quantity to the authority of technology path definition and intellectual property rights [4][5] - The transition aims to overcome the "middle-income trap" by enhancing productivity through technological advancements rather than merely increasing input factors [6][7] Group 2: Industrial Safety and Strategic Importance - The development of the new new three items reflects a significant upgrade in the concept of industrial safety, incorporating technology, biological, and data security into a unified framework [5] - Robotics enhances manufacturing automation and resilience, AI influences productivity and societal operations, while innovative pharmaceuticals address health security amid demographic changes [5][8] Group 3: Overcoming the Middle-Income Trap - The middle-income trap is characterized by diminishing returns from traditional growth methods, necessitating a shift towards innovative growth mechanisms [6][11] - The new new three items aim to reshape productivity formation mechanisms, with AI reducing marginal costs and robotics embedding intelligence into production processes [6][7] Group 4: Global Competitive Positioning - The new new three items are positioned as strategic leverage points for China to avoid falling into passive "follower" roles in global industrial chains [8][9] - Robotics serves as a core equipment form for high-end manufacturing, AI acts as a foundational capability across various sectors, and innovative pharmaceuticals are crucial for public health and safety [8][9] Group 5: Robotics Industry Insights - China has a comprehensive and responsive robotics industry chain, with significant deployment in various manufacturing scenarios, making it a global leader in robot sales and applications [10][11] - However, challenges remain in high-end components and core technologies, necessitating breakthroughs in autonomous capabilities and market penetration [10][11] Group 6: AI Development Challenges - China leads in AI application but faces limitations in foundational technologies, emphasizing the need for advancements in computing power, chip architecture, and core algorithms [12][13] - Data serves as a critical resource for AI development, but it cannot replace the need for breakthroughs in underlying technologies [12][13] Group 7: Innovative Pharmaceuticals - The growth in outbound transactions indicates that Chinese pharmaceutical companies are moving beyond passive roles, yet the proportion of original drugs remains low [14][15] - The industry is gradually transitioning from generic drugs to innovative new drugs, with improvements in target selection and clinical validation capabilities [14][15] Group 8: Addressing Core Component Dependencies - To mitigate reliance on external core components, China must prioritize independent research and development while also building a diverse technological ecosystem [18][19] - South-South cooperation is highlighted as a strategic avenue for expanding technological collaboration and enhancing resilience in the face of global challenges [19][20] Group 9: Future Technological Foundation - The new new three items are positioned to provide a sustainable technological foundation for future industrial evolution, with robotics, AI, and innovative pharmaceuticals forming an interconnected system [20][21] - Robotics will serve as a physical platform, AI as the cognitive engine, and innovative pharmaceuticals will address critical health needs, collectively shaping the future industrial landscape [20][21]