表外融资1200亿美元！科技巨头联手华尔街玩转AI基建，风险正向私募信贷转移

Core Insights - The article discusses how Silicon Valley tech giants are using complex financial instruments to transfer significant infrastructure spending off their balance sheets while maintaining strong financial statements [1][3] - Companies like Meta, xAI, Oracle, and CoreWeave have utilized Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to shift over $120 billion in data center financing debt to Wall Street investors, raising concerns about risk transparency and potential financial contagion [1][2] Financing Strategies - Tech companies are leveraging SPVs to raise funds for AI data centers without significantly increasing their on-balance-sheet debt, thus protecting their credit ratings [3][4] - Major financial institutions, including Pimco, BlackRock, and JPMorgan, have injected at least $120 billion into these SPV-structured projects, allowing companies to secure necessary funding for AI infrastructure [1][3] Specific Transactions - Meta raised $30 billion through an SPV named "Beignet Investor" for its Louisiana Hyperion facility, with $27 billion coming from loans by major financial firms, enabling it to borrow without showing debt on its balance sheet [4] - Oracle has also engaged in significant debt transactions through SPVs, including a $13 billion investment from Blue Owl and JPMorgan for its Texas data center [4][5] Private Credit Market Concerns - The private credit market has seen a surge in project financing, with tech companies borrowing approximately $450 billion from private funds, reflecting a $100 billion year-over-year increase [6][7] - Concerns are rising about the $1.7 trillion private credit industry, particularly regarding asset valuation, liquidity issues, and borrower concentration risks [7] Risk Exposure and Differentiation - Despite the intention to isolate risks through SPVs, tech companies may still bear financial risks if AI service demand declines, as seen in the "Beignet Investor" case where Meta holds a 20% stake and provides a "residual value guarantee" [8] - Not all tech giants are adopting off-balance-sheet financing; companies like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon continue to fund their data center expansions through cash or direct bond issuance, indicating varied risk management strategies [8]