年内超400家机构退出市场，中小银行减量提质，深度重构｜2025中国经济年报

Core Viewpoint - The reform and risk management of small and medium-sized banks in China accelerated significantly in 2025, with a focus on reducing the number of institutions while enhancing their quality [2][5]. Group 1: Institutional Changes - Over 400 financial institutions exited the market in 2025, marking the highest level in recent years, including 128 commercial banks and 226 village banks [3][4]. - The reform involved significant consolidation, with the Inner Mongolia Rural Commercial Bank merging 120 institutions in a single move, the largest in the country [3]. - The government emphasized a market-oriented approach to risk management and transformation, implementing various strategies such as capital supplementation and mergers [4]. Group 2: Policy and Market Dynamics - The central government has been proactive in financial risk prevention, providing clear guidance through differentiated policies tailored to each province [4][5]. - The challenges faced by small and medium-sized banks, such as capital shortages and weak governance, have prompted the need for reform to overcome development bottlenecks [4][5]. Group 3: Future Directions - The next steps in reform will focus on four main areas: deepening provincial association reforms, optimizing integration models, enhancing core business quality, and strengthening long-term mechanisms [5][6]. - The emphasis will be on improving governance structures and risk control capabilities, leveraging the strengths of larger banks to enhance the resilience of smaller institutions [4][5]. Group 4: Challenges Ahead - Despite the progress, challenges remain, including the need for effective asset recovery, integration costs post-merger, talent shortages, and regional economic disparities [6][7]. - Recommendations include maintaining differentiated regulatory approaches, establishing evaluation mechanisms for integration effects, and focusing on digital transformation and local talent retention [7][8].