抛弃美元！俄罗斯驻华大使：俄中几乎完全用卢布人民币结算！人民币凭啥成“硬通货”？

Group 1 - The core message is that China and Russia have established a bilateral settlement system that relies almost entirely on their own currencies, the yuan and the ruble, effectively sidelining the US dollar in their trade transactions [1][3]. - China has been Russia's largest trading partner for 15 consecutive years, with trade volume reaching $244.819 billion in 2024, and the proportion of trade settled in local currencies has surged from 20% in 2020 to 99.1% [3]. - Both countries have created independent payment channels, with Russian banks joining China's Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) and Chinese banks participating in Russia's System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS), eliminating reliance on the Western-controlled SWIFT system [3]. Group 2 - The decision to bypass the dollar is driven by the adverse effects of Western sanctions on Russia, which have restricted its access to dollar assets and payment systems, prompting the need for alternative solutions [5]. - For Chinese companies, settling in local currencies reduces exchange rate risk and transaction costs, with one mechanical export company reporting a 20% reduction in payment cycles and a 15% decrease in costs by using rubles and yuan [5]. - The shift in currency usage is seen as a significant challenge to the dollar's dominance, with the percentage of global oil trade settled in dollars dropping from 80% to 72%, and countries like India and Saudi Arabia increasingly using the yuan for oil transactions [9]. Group 3 - The arrangement provides a "double insurance" for trade between China and Russia, allowing Russia to use yuan earned from energy exports to purchase Chinese goods and issue yuan-denominated bonds, creating a closed loop of "earning yuan - using yuan" [8]. - The yuan has become Russia's second-largest reserve currency after gold, comprising 60% of the National Welfare Fund, and Moscow is emerging as a major offshore yuan trading hub [8]. - This development is part of a broader trend towards currency diversification, promoting a multipolar currency system that offers countries more options in trade, rather than establishing a new currency hegemony [9][11].