抽水蓄能如何“搬运”电力？解码“超级充电宝”硬核技术

Core Viewpoint - The Zhejiang Tiantai Pumped Storage Power Station, the largest single-unit capacity pumped storage power station in China, has successfully connected its first unit to the grid, marking a significant breakthrough in the field of hydropower equipment and engineering construction in the country [1] Group 1: Project Overview - The Zhejiang Tiantai Pumped Storage Power Station is a key project under the national "14th Five-Year Plan," with a total investment exceeding 10 billion yuan [1] - The power station consists of an upper reservoir, a lower reservoir, a water conveyance system, and an underground powerhouse, with a total installed capacity of 1.7 million kilowatts from four units, each with a capacity of 425,000 kilowatts [1] - Upon completion, the station is expected to provide 1.7 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity annually, sufficient to meet the annual electricity needs of a city with a population of 1.6 million [1] Group 2: Technical Innovations - The project has achieved multiple technological breakthroughs, including advancements in ultra-high head large-capacity units, advanced materials, and intelligent construction [1] - The lower reservoir has a capacity of over 11 million cubic meters, providing sufficient water for six hours of full-load operation for the four units [4] - The upper reservoir is located nearly 1,000 meters above sea level, creating a head difference of approximately 770 meters, the highest for any pumped storage power station currently under construction in China [4] Group 3: Operational Mechanism - The pumped storage power station operates by storing excess electricity generated during peak production times (e.g., sunny afternoons) by pumping water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir [2] - When electricity demand increases (e.g., during evenings when solar generation decreases), the station generates power by releasing water from the upper reservoir, converting potential energy into electrical energy [2] - This cyclical operation allows the pumped storage power station to act as both a stabilizer and regulator for the power system, ensuring stable electricity supply and emergency backup [2] Group 4: Industry Growth and Future Prospects - China's pumped storage capacity is expected to grow by over 34 million kilowatts by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan," reaching approximately 66 million kilowatts, maintaining its position as the world's largest [6] - Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," over 20 pumped storage stations with around 100 units have been put into operation, indicating rapid development in this sector [6] - By 2035, the pumped storage capacity serving the power system in China is projected to reach about 400 million kilowatts, highlighting its critical role in supporting the new power system and promoting economic development [7]