日本稀土破局遇运输死结！哈国借道中国难如登天？

Group 1 - Japan's reliance on China for rare earth imports is significant, with 60% of its rare earths sourced from China, and a 100% dependency on heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium for permanent magnet motors [3] - The recent agreement between Japan and Kazakhstan aims to diversify Japan's rare earth supply chain, as Kazakhstan holds the fourth-largest rare earth reserves globally, estimated at over 20 million tons [3][5] - The transportation of rare earths from Kazakhstan to Japan faces challenges, as the most efficient route requires transit through China, which complicates Japan's goal of reducing dependence on Chinese resources [5][9] Group 2 - The ideal transportation route involves using the China-Kazakhstan railway to reach the Horgos port, then shipping to Japan, but this route requires Chinese approval, which is complicated by new Chinese regulations on rare earth exports [5][9] - Alternative routes, such as the Caspian Corridor, are less viable due to increased costs, longer transit times, and geopolitical risks, including potential shipping disruptions in winter [7][9] - The geopolitical dynamics of the rare earth market highlight the complexities of resource cooperation, as both Japan and Kazakhstan must navigate the strategic interests of China, which maintains strict control over rare earth exports [9][11]