独家专访中国气候变化事务特使刘振民：《巴黎协定》十载后，迎战气候变化重在“落实”

Core Viewpoint - The global response to climate change remains crucial despite geopolitical challenges, with multilateral cooperation being essential for progress, especially in the absence of the United States [1][10][11]. Group 1: Multilateral Cooperation and Climate Agreements - The COP30 conference confirmed the historical value of the Paris Agreement, emphasizing its role in preventing unacceptable global temperature increases [20][21]. - Over 190 countries reached a consensus to continue multilateral cooperation under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, indicating an irreversible trend towards global energy transition [21][22]. - The "B Plan" aims to ensure that multilateral cooperation continues even without U.S. participation, highlighting the need for alternative funding sources for climate action [10][26]. Group 2: Energy Transition and Economic Opportunities - Energy transition is viewed as a key area for global economic cooperation and investment, with developed countries urged to fulfill their responsibilities in combating climate change [11][27]. - The transition to renewable energy is expected to dominate global energy structures, potentially accounting for over 75% of energy sources, while fossil fuels will need to be utilized more cleanly [24][25]. - The cost of renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, has decreased to levels comparable to fossil fuels, facilitating their adoption [25]. Group 3: Funding and Implementation Challenges - A commitment was made at COP29 for developed countries to provide at least $300 billion annually by 2035 for climate action in developing countries, but COP30 did not clarify how this funding would be implemented [22][23]. - There is a lack of confidence among developing countries regarding adaptation funding, and specific indicators proposed by developed nations have raised concerns [23][29]. - The implementation of the EU's carbon border adjustment mechanism is seen as a unilateral measure that could impact international trade and energy transition efforts [29]. Group 4: Future Outlook and Key Focus Areas - The next decade is critical for controlling global temperature rise, with a focus on helping countries that have not submitted their 2035 national contributions to develop their plans [17][32]. - The COP31 conference is expected to continue the multilateral cooperation process, with an emphasis on the implementation of existing agreements rather than negotiating new ones [31][32]. - There is a significant opportunity for countries to capitalize on energy transition, as failure to act effectively could lead to increased costs and missed opportunities for sustainable development [32].