专访｜国家金融与发展实验室主任张晓晶：制定实施城乡居民增收计划，政策重心转向城乡共享与结构优化

Core Viewpoint - The "Urban and Rural Residents Income Increase Plan" emphasizes a systematic approach to income growth, focusing on reducing urban-rural disparities and improving income distribution through institutional arrangements, responding to the current demand for expanding domestic consumption and promoting spending [1][2]. Policy Signals - The shift from "promoting resident income growth" to a concrete "income increase plan" indicates a transition from abstract goals to actionable policies, highlighting a stronger execution orientation and accountability [2]. - The explicit mention of "urban and rural residents" reflects a comprehensive consideration of income structure, moving the focus from merely increasing average income to addressing income inequality and ensuring shared development outcomes [2]. Relationship Between Income Increase and Domestic Demand - There is an intrinsic consistency between "resident income increase" and "expanding domestic demand," where income levels directly influence consumption patterns and willingness [3]. - Enhancing income is fundamental for sustainable domestic demand, as it creates a self-reinforcing cycle of income, consumption, employment, and further income [3][4]. Implementation Strategies - The income increase plan requires a coordinated approach across various policies, including employment, income distribution, fiscal, social security, financial, and regional policies [6][7]. - Employment policies should focus on stabilizing and expanding job opportunities, particularly in labor-intensive and modern service sectors, while ensuring job stability through regular support measures [6]. - Income distribution policies must enhance labor remuneration's share in initial distribution, improve minimum wage standards, and ensure that wage growth aligns with productivity [6][7]. Pathways for Income Increase - Increasing wage income through targeted industrial policies that direct resources to sectors with high employment potential, while ensuring wage growth mechanisms are in place [8]. - Enhancing human capital returns through vocational training aligned with industry needs, particularly for low-skilled workers and those in transition [9]. - Improving operational and property income by reforming land use policies and optimizing the business environment for small enterprises [9]. - Strengthening social security systems to provide a safety net for low-income groups, thereby indirectly increasing disposable income and consumption capacity [10].